A computationally efficient numerical model for the seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks

Abstract

The objective of this study is to present a computationally efficient numerical model for the seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks. The liquid is modeled in accordance with the potential flow theory. The Continuity equation is solved through a 2D finite element scheme, and is then combined with the Equilibrium equation through the velocity potential function condensed at the free surface of the liquid. Some advantages of the proposed model are: (1) the sloshing equations are analogous to the equations of motion of mass-spring systems; (2) the variables of the equations have physical meaning; (3) it is applicable to any tank geometry; and (4) upon relatively simple modifications, it is also applicable to the seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks that do not rest directly on the ground but on a supporting structure. The computational efficiency of the proposed model is such that extensive parametric studies can be performed without excessive effort, which in turn makes the proposed model attractive not only for analysis purposes but also for the design of Tuned Liquid Dampers.